SPIN ANGULAR MOMENTUM DENSITY AND TRANSVERSE ENERGY FLOW OF TIGHTLY FOCUSED KALEIDOSCOPE-STRUCTURED VECTOR OPTICAL FIELDS

Spin angular momentum density and transverse energy flow of tightly focused kaleidoscope-structured vector optical fields

We propose a novel scheme for designing and generating kaleidoscope-structured vector optical fields (KS-VOFs) by analogy with the principle of multiple mirror reflection in a kaleidoscope.For KS-VOFs with symmetric polarization states, we show the us polo assn mens sweaters symmetry properties of the focal fields with various shapes for different

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Hormones and B-cell development in health and autoimmunity

The development of B cells into antibody-secreting plasma cells is central to the adaptive immune system as they induce protective and specific antibody responses against invading pathogens.Various studies have shown that, during this process, hormones can play important roles in the lymphopoiesis, activation, proliferation, and differentiation of

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